Thaddeus hyatt



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T. HYATT.

ILLUMINATING VAULT COVER 0R GRATING TILE AND summons MADE OF THE SAME.

[WA/A 1z/y.1.Patented Feb. 20, 1883.

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1 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. T. HYATT.

ILLUMINATING VAULT COVER 0R GRATING TILE AND SURFACES MADE OF THE SAME. I! 1719. $4. Patentgd I N. PETERS, mnwulhu n mr, Wal-hingtnn. ac

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T. HYATT. ILLUMINATING VAULT COVER OR GRATING TILE AND SURFACES MADE OF THE SAME.

Patente UNITED STATES THADDEUS HYATT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

ILLUMINATING VAULT-COVER OR GRATlNG-TILE AND SURFACE S MADE OF THE SAME.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THADDEUS HYATT, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city, in the county, and 'in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Illuminating Vault-Covers or Grating-Tiles and Surfaces made of' them, of which the following is a specification.

The grating-tiles set with glass that compose the illuminating-surfaces in universal use in the patent light industry of the country are made of cast-iron, and where the construction is an elevatordoor, the weight of the doors and their liability to break is a serious objection to their use, while in constructing illuminating top roofs and principal story rear-extension roofs, the great weight ofthe cast-iron is also objectionable. The illuminating-roots made by me of sheet metal to avoid the weight of cast-iron, produced condensed moisture in winter on the under side of the roof, that required a lining of wood or felt on the under face of the roof, adding largely to the expense of the construction; or a weather coatingof concrete or Portland cement, which, besides the added expense, also increased the Weight of the roof. To overcome these difficulties by the use of wood or some substitute for wood weather-proof, water-proof, fire-proof, and cheaphas been the object of my constant study during the thirty-eight years that my invention has been in use, wood being comparatively unafi'ected by changes in the weather, neither contracting nor expanding in comparison with metal when chemically treated and in perfect state to resist decay; but the grain of natural wood and the expense of reducing it to the grating form has been always the practical obstruction to its use. My early (1815) illuminating-gratings madeotlignum vitae were toocostly for general use.

' My present invention consists in the employment of paper-board? gratings and setting the same with glass, the paper-board being asubstitute for wood for building purposes.

My invention is not based on any special manufacture of paper-board. The sort preferred by me is set forth in the several patents granted to Silas H. Hamilton,.and numbered 269,815, 269,816, 269,817, and 269,785,

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 272,551, dated February 20, 1883.

Application filed January 25, 1883.

(-No model.)

| all of December 26, 1882; but I propose to make use of any tibered material composed of woody or vegctablefibers matted, agglutinated, consolidated, or mechanically or chemi cally held together, or by means, partly chemi cal and partly mechanical, made to assume a board-like form and consistency capable of being applied like boards, and yet capable from its first pulpy condition of being molded, and by molding and pressure, being brought into the grating tile form required for being set with glasses, substantially after the manner in which patent light work is now executed. The process described in Patent No.256,872,1882, granted to Francis Bodine for a method of treating pulp and the resultant material may be employed. So, also, the treating paperstock, method set forth in Patent No. 267,492, 1882, granted to Henry Carmichael; or any other method or process, whereby gratings fit to be combined with glasses for illuminating purposes may be obtained from vegetable or woody fibers, the object of my invention being to make illuminating-suri'aces from substances substantially the same as Wood without its grain, a material homogeneous, unaffected by water or dampness, measurably lire-proof, possessing rigidity and durability, with the quality of resisting abrasive wear, and without being liable to change, either from variations in the temperature of the atmosphere or from vibrations and concussioiis--qualities to be found onlyin wood made by artificial means by a process or processes like the ones herein alluded to or substantially of the same character. The artificially'produced woods thus made I propose to employ in all the shapes and ways in which I have hitherto employed metal,whether cast or wrought,in making both tlat and curved surfaces, the curved as domes and arches.

For the ornamental illuminating-floors heretofore constructed by me of marbleized iron I now propose to use marbleized paper-board, and for the corrugated sheet metal hitherto employed by me in constructing illuminating top and rear extension roofs I now propose to employ paper-boards corrugated in the form of shingles or tiles, or otherwise, the foundationt'rames and the roof-rafters being alsoin some cases made of artifical woodin anyof the shapes and by any of the constructions of iron set] other forms of illuminating reanextension forth in my patents for the same.

The paper-board material or artificial wood made use of in my new constructions is made according to one process or method of manufacture of paper-pulp, glue, and bichromate of potash, with the addition in some cases of alum and soluble glass. The composition thus made is formed into sheets under pressure, thinner than the final thickness of board or manufacture required, the ultimate thickness being obtained by coating two or more of such sheets with a solution of glue and biehromate of potash placed with their faces together, and then passed between pressure-rollers, when the case admits of the application of such pressure, and in other cases placed in suitable molds from which the air can be withdrawn while pressure is applied, as when the board material is shaped into raised and sunken surfaces, or into curved orother shapes, as requiredin the manufacture of illuminating curved roofs, and in the manufacture of illuminating elevator-doors, and in the production of a button orknob surface upon the paper-board grating, the light-holes in the paper-boards'being either punched out of the boards by dies, as in punching metal, or formed in the same by molding or molding and pressure. When the grating is made of two layers ofpaper-board the rabbeted seats for the glasses are formed by making holes of smaller diameter in the bottom board or layer than the ones made in the top layer or board, as will appear by the accompanying drawings illustrating my invention, in which- Figure 1 represents a paper-board formed with light-holes in plan and cross-section for the bottom of the grating, with a portion of the same completed by the addition of the top layer of paper-board made with holes large enough to take in the glasses. Fig. 2 represents in plan and cross-section the top perforated paper-board. Fig. 3 represents in crosssection a completed paper-board grating partly set with glasses. Figs. 4 to 10 represent some of the shapes in which I propose to employ the artificial wood in patent light work. Fig. 4 represents a curved illuminating grating-tile made of artificial wood or paper-board material of the character designed to make rear-extension roofs. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 represent glasses inolosed in mounts made of artificial wood or paperboard material, a single glass in each mount. Figs. 8, 9, and 10 represent clusters of glasses set in mounts, such mounts beingcalled quarriesor hand-size illuminating grating-tiles. Fig. 9 represents the illuminating grating-tile or quarry made of marbleized paper-board. F|g.11represents a pair of illuminating elevator-doors made of artificial wood or paper-board material; Fig. 12, a cross-section of Fig. 11 on the line 00 a. Fig. 13 represents an illuminating corrugated grating-tile, made of artificial wood or paperboard material, designed t'or making curved and roofs; Fig. 14, a cross-section of Fig. 13 on the line 3 y.

A represents the bottom perforated paperboard of an illuminating paper-board gratingtile or vault-cover. B represents the top perforated paper-board; a a, light holes or perforations in the bottom board; I) b, light holes or perforations in the top board; 0 0, buttons on the surface of the top board; 0, illumlnating-glasses; D,hexagonal-shaped mount made of artificial wood or paper-board; E, lozengeshaped mount made of same; F, circular shaped, made of same; Gr, lozenge-shaped quarry or hand-size illuminating-grating made So of artificial wood or paper-board; H, hexagonal-shaped quarry or hand-size illuminatinggrating made of artificial wood or paperboard; I, hexagonal-shaped quarry or handsize illuminating-grating made of marbleized artificial wood or paper-board; J, frame of illuminating elevator-doors; K K, illuminating elevator-doors made of artificial wood or paper-board; L M, corrugations of illuminating grating-tile made of artificial wood or paper-board.

1 have represented the elevator-doors and the grating-tiles for roofing and roof-paving purposes as manufactured from layers of paper-boards. The corrugated illuminating-tile and the mounts and quarries are represented as made of paper-pulp material made according to the Bodine or the Carmichael methods or processes, or equivalent methods of employing fibers of straw, jute, or other suitable 10o fiber. The glasses may be fixed in these paper-board or artificial-wood tiles, quarries, and mounts by means of coal-tar-sulphur cement or otherwise; and the illuminating-shingles may be flat, instead of corrugated.

The knobs or buttons upon the surface of the pavement-tiles I prefer to make of the same material as the body of the tile or vault-cover itself is composed of, the buttons being molded with themolding of the artificial wood or pa- 1 to per-board; but metal buttons may be also employed.

The elevator-doors are made thick enough for strength; or a metal frame of wrought-iron may be combined with the constructuon, if r15 found desirable.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is p 1. Illuminating vault-covers or grating-tiles and surfaces made of them when the same are made by combining glasses with artificial wood or fibered material consolidated or brought into the form of paper-board material, and shaped into grating-tiles, shingles, mounts,

and quarries, substantially as and tor the purr25 poses herein set forth and illustrated.

2. Illuminating vault-covers or grating-tiles, shingles, mounts, and quarries, and surfaces. madeof them when the same are made by com-- bining glasses with marbleized paper-boards, 1 0

artificial wood, or fibered. material, substan- 4. Illuminatingelevator-doors madebycomro tially as and for the purposes herein set forth bining glases withpaper-boards,artificial wood, and illustrated. 0r fiber-ed material, snbstantiallv as and for 3. Illuminating vanlt-coversor grating-tiles the purposes herein setforth and illustrated. and surfaces made of them when the same are made by combining glasses with corrugated paper-boards, artificial wood, or fibered material,substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and illustrated.

THADDEUS HYATT.

Witnesses:

LLOYD F. KELEHER, T. O. BREGHT. 

